Low-income

Low-income individuals face multiple challenges that limit their full participation in society. The lack of adequate housing, limited access to public transportation, and the scarcity of functional public spaces hinder their social and economic integration. Additionally, the lack of financial resources restricts access to educational, digital, and health services, among others, perpetuating social inequalities.

To address these inequalities, it is essential to improve urban infrastructure78 by ensuring decent housing79, accessible and affordable public transportation80, and inclusive public spaces. Furthermore, access to essential public services, such as water, electricity, and heating, must be ensured, especially in emergency situations81. In the digital realm, it is crucial to provide access to appropriate devices82 and the internet, as well as to design inclusive platforms that allow low-income individuals to benefit from educational, health, and other online resources83.

The proposed measures would benefit various profiles of low-income individuals, such as families with young children living in inadequate housing84 and facing difficulties accessing quality health and education services, elderly people with reduced mobility who rely on public transportation for their daily commutes but face barriers due to the lack of accessibility in vehicles and stations. Also, young people seeking employment85 who, despite having digital skills, lack appropriate devices and a stable internet connection, limiting their access to educational and employment opportunities online. Additionally, people with disabilities who require adaptations in both the physical and digital environments to participate fully in society86.